Attempted assassination of Kuwaiti ruler (Emir) Sheikh, 10 February 1986. Web. [18] Musallam, Adnan. 20 August 2015. New York, NY: Vintage Books. [3] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. by Lindsay Maizland [19], Growing tensions between the EIJ and the Sudanese government and international pressure led to the groups expulsion from Sudan in 1996. 20 August 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. [2] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. It does not seek political representation within the Palestinian Authority. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Terrorist Designations and State Sponsors of Terrorism, section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. [7] Among those arrested and jailed were many of the EIJs future leaders, including Aymenn al-Zawahiri, Abbud al-Zumar, and Sayyed Imam al-Sharif. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when their temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats carried out previously in September 1985 ended up in the assassination of one hostage. 20 August 2015. 1 Oct. 2015; Musallam, Adnan. According to investigative journalist Ronen Bergman, "Islamic Jihad" was one of many aliases used by Hezbollah. 8 Oct. 2015. In August 2008, Kourani submitted an application for naturalization in the U.S. in which he falsely claimed, among other things, that he was not affiliated with a terrorist organization. The PIJ remained in Gaza until 1987, when the group was exiled to Lebanon. 
Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. WebFollowing the bombing, two callers claimed responsibility in the name of Hezbollahs Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO). It is most famous for its 1981 assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and for its close ties to Al Qaeda. [6] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 10 Oct. 2015. The Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a component of Hizballah responsible for the planning and coordination of intelligence, counterintelligence, and terrorist activities on behalf of Hizballah outside of Lebanon. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. There have been no direct attacks on U.S. properties or citizenssome have died in attacksalthough the PIJ threatened to attack the U.S. embassy if it was relocated to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO), which is also known as the External Security Organization and 910, is a component of Hizballah responsible for the planning and The Looming Tower. October 6, 1981: An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. FTO designations play a critical role in our fight against terrorism and are an effective means of curtailing support for terrorist activities and pressuring groups to get out of the terrorism business. Academic and Higher Education Webinars, C.V. Starr & Co. The Taliban returned to power in Afghanistan in 2021, twenty years after their ouster by U.S. troops. Web. Disclaimer:This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. Additionally, the decaying state of Sudanese economy compelled it to seek foreign financial aid; however, many countries were reluctant to aid the Sudanese government while it directly supported an international terrorist organization. Regardless, even after 1998, EIJ members continued to play important roles in Al Qaedas operations. [8], Mohammed al-Zawahiri (unknown-1998): Mohammed al-Zawahiri was the brother of Aymenn al-Zawahiri, who is thought to have been one of the top military commanders in the EIJ. Partially as a result of this rivalry and partially as a result of the EIJs declining presence within Egypt, the groups funding sources within Egypt began to dry up. After its assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981 and the subsequent crackdown by the Egyptian government, many of the EIJs leaders moved to Afghanistan, where they fought the Soviets alongside the Mujahedeen. [5] As the EIJs funding sources in Egypt began to dry up, the group became increasingly reliant on bin Laden for funding and resources. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. Possibly formed in early 1983 and reportedly led by Imad Mughniyah, a former Lebanese Shiite member of Palestinian Fatahs Force 17, the IJO was not a militia but rather a typical underground urban guerrilla organization. Omissions? Omissions? His treatise Al-Farah al-ghibah (1981; The Neglected Duty), which urged Muslims to use violence for the purpose of creating an Islamic state, became the groups ideological platform. Web. 
Web. The State Department intends to designate as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in its entirety, including the Qods Force. [24] Thus, following Mabruks capture, the Egyptian government was able to round up a large portion of the EIJ members remaining in Egypt, including two leaders of the groups European cell, Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar and Ahmed Ismail Osman. Several times in the year to follow, the CIA noted, anonymous This article is about the Lebananese Shiite faction. Web. (no casualties)[7]. 20 Aug. 2015; Fletcher, Molly. [3], Sayyed Imam al-Sharif (unknown-unknown): Sharif appears to have led the EIJ for some portion of the late 1980s following the groups relocation to Afghanistan. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Lebanese journalist Hala Jaber compared it to "a phony company which rents office space for a month and then vanishes," existing "only when it was committing an atrocity against its targets "[7], Adam Shatz of The Nation magazine has described Islamic Jihad as "a precursor to Hezbollah, which did not yet officially exist" at the time of the bombings Islamic Jihad took credit for. Based on other taskings from IJO personnel, which were conveyed during periodic in-person meetings when Kourani returned to Lebanon, Kourani conducted operations that included searching for weapons suppliers in the U.S. who could provide firearms to support IJO operations, identifying individuals affiliated with the Israeli Defense Force, gathering information regarding operations and security at airports in the U.S. and elsewhere, and surveilling U.S. military and law enforcement facilities in Manhattan and Brooklyn. 20 August 2015. Once a target is identified, CT prepares a detailed administrative record, which is a compilation of information, typically including both classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory criteria for designation have been satisfied. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003; Fletcher, Molly. 20 August 2015. The KGB promptly retaliated with intimidation and by pressuring Syria to stop its operations in northern Lebanon in exchange for release of the remaining three hostages. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization IJO or Organisation du Jihad Islamique in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the [4] Around this time, many EIJ members became bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes. Web. 2006. pg. Sharifs writings drew a lengthy rebuttal from Zawahiri. 20 August 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 30 Sept. 2015. [19] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. "[14], A 2003 decision by an American court named Islamic Jihad as the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, and parts of the Middle East, and Europe. 20 August 2015. Islamic dates and holidays are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. 2006. [15] Wright, Lawrence. Web. By law an organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register. [5] He became the leader of the group in 1991 and led it until merging the group into Al-Qaeda in 1998. 30 Sept. 2015. The organization established camps for Muslim militants from throughout the world, training tens of thousands in paramilitary skills, and its agents engaged in numerous terrorist attacks, including the destruction of the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (1998), and a suicide bomb attack against the U.S. warship Cole in Aden, Yemen (2000; see USS Cole attack). Web. 20 August 2015. Kourani was subsequently recruited to join the IJO by 2008. Web. The organizations terrorist activity or terrorism must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic interests) of the United States. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was killed by U.S. military forces after U.S. intelligence located him residing in a secure compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, 31 miles (50 km) from Islamabad. 10 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. The IMU in June 2014 joined Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan fighters in a deadly siege of Karachi International Airport that killed 37. IJU was formed when it broke away from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[27] and journalist Lawrence Wright[28] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. This fiasco, coupled by the pressure resulting from tighter security measures and joint anti-militia sweeps implemented by the Syrian Army, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the Amal Movement at the Shia quarters of West Beirut in 198788, brought a steady decline in the organization's activities in Lebanon for the rest of the civil war. Web. [7] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Currently, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is a small, highly secretive organization that operates underground with less than 1,000 members and limited popular support. Zawahiri became Osama bin Ladens deputy and was affiliated with the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. In July 2012, an IJO operative detonated explosives on a bus transporting Israeli tourists in the vicinity of an airport in Burgas, Bulgaria, which killed six people and injured 32 others. Web. Web. [14] Wright, Lawrence. Oct. 12 2015; Wright, Lawrence. However, it is clear that by 1991, Zawahiri had assumed official control of the EIJ. The PIJ, unlike Fatah or Hamas, does not participate in the political process. Kourani, who was born in Lebanon, attended Hizballah-sponsored weapons training in Lebanon in 2000 when he was approximately 16 years old. [3] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. New York, NY: Vintage Books. 30 Sept. 2015. [49] This fiasco, coupled by the pressure resulting from tighter security measures and joint anti-militia sweeps implemented by the Syrian Army, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the Shi'ite Amal militia at the Shia quarters of West Beirut in 198788, brought a steady decline in the organization's activities in Lebanon for the rest of the civil war. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. Web. First Attack: October 6, 1981:An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on the Egyptian President Anwar Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. [7] After bin Ladens death in 2011, Zawahiri became the leader of AQ.[8]. "Spanish bomb blast blamed on Jihad / Madrid restaurant explosion blamed on Muslim group.". Based in Sudan for a period in the early 1990s, the group eventually reestablished its headquarters in Afghanistan (c. 1996) under the patronage of the Taliban militia. As a result of this reliance and his close relationship with bin Laden, Zawahiri shifted the EIJs ideology and goals away from overthrowing the Egyptian government and more towards Al Qaedas global vision of Jihad.[3]. Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures, Backgrounder The information on this website is valid as of 29 August 2015. Additionally, the leader and organizer of the 9/11 hijackers was a man named Mohammed Atta, who was also a former EIJ member. "[26], Hala Jaber calls it a name "deliberately contrived by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and their recruits to cast confusion. EIJ claimed responsibility for foiled assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993. New York, NY: Vintage Books. May 25, 2022, Backgrounder WebDesignated Foreign Terrorist Organizations Delisted Foreign Terrorist Organizations Identification The Bureau of Counterterrorism in the State Department (CT) continually When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic lands. 30 Sept. 2015. Web. 20 August 2015. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. After the MNF bombing, the New York Times reported that "Lebanese police sources, Western intelligence sources, Israeli Government sources and leading Shi'ite Muslim religious leaders in Beirut are all convinced that there is no such thing as Islamic Jihad," as an organization, no membership, no writings, etc. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Such grassroots independent groupscoalesced locally around a common agenda but subscribing to the al-Qaeda name and its broader ideologythus meant a diffuse form of militancy, and one far more difficult to confront. Id like to thank the hundreds of investigators who comprise the FBIs New York JTTF and display constant vigilance on our behalf, and I encourage the public to remain engaged and to immediately report suspicious activity to law enforcement., Commissioner ONeill said: As part of his work for Hezbollah, Kourani and others allegedly conducted covert surveillance of potential targets, including U.S. military bases and Israeli military personnel here in New York City. 1991, Zawahiri became the leader and organizer of the group in 1991 led. Information on This website is valid as of 29 August 2015 ; Statement of:... By local lunar observation, anonymous This article is about the Lebananese faction. 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