For all students, there is no evidence of systematic consideration in uniform policy of health and safety and protection from environmental hazards that permits students to wear garments to suit the weather conditions, or that ensures garments are comfortable to wear. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868702384&doi=10.1186%2F1745-6215-13-212&partnerID=40&md5=ba79436686907252154fe194c43153fa doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-212, 60. Conceptually, issues related to uniform design are of interest to researchers of other populations (e.g., prisoners, military) with diminished capacity or whose choice of clothing is restricted. Later, in 2012 Gentile and Ibermann found a positive effect on grades and retention [26, 27]. The cost of uniforms can affect students rights to access education. Res Middle Level Educ Annu (2002). Indeed, Swains ethnography found that students who complied with uniform rules risked being socially excluded [79]. The New Daily (2019). J Pol Anal Manage (2004). The Design and Manufacture of Municipal and School Uniforms for a Northeastern Thai Municipality. Importantly, any dress is about more than clothing, indicating social relations, self-presentation, and formation in society, and is a sensitive topic in adolescence [78]. It is also why the World Health Organization (WHO) promotes health in all government policies to improve overall population health ([20]). By scrutinizing the outcomes of uniform policy, it is clear that many uniform policies have neutral/minimal impact for the majority, but the minority must compromise cultural or religious values to comply with uniform rules. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847249054&doi=10.1007%2Fs10691-006-9033-y&partnerID=40&md5=31bd25f153a2bbd5d961a3596ca13784. We would be glad Indeed, in the United States uniforms are often perceived as more neutral than dress codes because everyone wears the same [100], as opposed to judgements being made about clothing items against a standard. 4(23):12135. Roffey, S. Inclusive and Exclusive Belonging -the Impact on Individual and Community Well-Being. Dressed for success? Additionally, some argue that uniforms contribute to a sense of affiliation in students, belonging [81], and pride in the school, especially after uniform has been recently introduced [82]. 41(5):4254. Notably, there is a general paucity of evidence for use and a gap between what is believed about uniform and what is supported by empirical evidence. Of Ed. In terms of public policy, there is little peer-reviewed evidence on supply chains, competition law, and profits that drive uniform costs. Plos Negl Trop Dis (2015). Unlike for educational outcomes, there is a far more direct link between uniform garments and uniform policy and health outcomes. Health Educ J (2019). 71(1):117. 5450 Lott RoadEight Mile, AL 36613P: 251-221-3070F: 251-221-3075, Copyright 2023 Mobile County Public Schools, The Mobile County Public School System is committed to ensuring that the This is indicative only (a small study from one country), but highlights how much is not known about the impact of uniform on other domains of education. Gibson, S. School Uniforms: A Civilising mission. 125. 14(3):37789. These studies showed garment materials do not necessarily prioritize the wearers physical comfort. 23(6):84774. doi:10.2989/16085906.2018.1548359 Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060648476&doi=10.2989%2F16085906.2018.1548359&partnerID=40&md5=f85e44714e69a8d502a62901b4a36380. In Thailand and other countries with endemic dengue, school uniform design, the use of insecticide-treated clothing [5962], and how uniform is worn [63] have been investigated extensively in relation to dengue prevention, especially how to stop insecticide washing out of fabric. For instance, Pauss [53] auto-ethnography highlights the psychological barrier an unflattering sports uniform can pose to fat childrens participation in and enjoyment of physical activity as a good in itself (as opposed to a means to lose weight). Fat Kids and Physical Education. Wellington: New Zealand Health Quality and Safety Commission (2017). Second, rationales for uniform use are examined, as well as distal factors that influence student experience. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866165682&doi=10.1080%2F15388220.2012.706873&partnerID=40&md5=7ff66ad431e410400bfe3609c626e225doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.706873, 77. Deane [117] argues that justifications for uniform based on equity are not well considered because the mere wearing of uniform does not create equity, and does not magic away other differences [117]. Physically restrictive uniforms can hamper girls physical and social participation in school, especially physical activity during breaks and on the journey to school. In the United States, Da Costa [35] highlights the economic burden on the poor of buying a school uniform. 11(4):34556. Daly, M. Gender-specific Uniforms a Relic of the Past, Secondary Teachers union Says. 97(2):6771. Norrish et al.s [48] study on the effect of uniform on incidental physical activity among ten-year-olds found that school uniform design could limit physical activity (measured by student self-report and pedometers). This may explain why in Malaysia, Woo et al. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069439862&partnerID=40&md5=d9c799bac1c1cb419ff7a9d3ce186d2e. Nishigai, M. From Categorizing to Balancing liberty Interests in Constitutional Jurisprudence: An Emerging Sliding-Scale Test in the Seventh Circuit and Public School Uniform Policies. The results are detailed in Table 1. For time constraints conference proceedings and PhD theses were excluded. Green, EP, Cho, H, Gallis, J, and Puffer, ES. From a physical health perspective, empirical evidence demonstrates that girls physical health is particularly disadvantaged. The date range searched was from 2000 to (present), being October 2020. Sanchez, JE, Yoxsimer, A, and Hill, GC. 32(4):5813. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880159351&doi=10.3402%2Fgha.v6i0.20473&partnerID=40&md5=2c5cfe54166535982d3da3a52a6361b9 doi:10.3402/gha.v6i0.20473, 64. 6(1). Uniforms and Appearance. 1. [Internet]. The literature that addresses these questions can be divided into three groups. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/convention-text. In England (which has a longstanding uniform tradition), the case of Begum sought to balance religious freedom to wear Sharia-appropriate clothes against the right to education, school uniform policy [122, 123], and womens rights. 23(2):22550. Belonging can be inclusive, encouraging broad participation and access, or exclusive by drawing lines between people and putting up practical barriers to access, delineating who is and is not worthy of privilege [90]. DaCosta, K. Dress Code Blues: An Exploration of Urban Students Reactions to a Public High School Uniform Policy. However, it appears that school uniform design and policy can pose a barrier to incidental exercise, particularly for girls. [Internet]. 84. Howell, WG. Hist Educ Q (2018). Heal Educ Behav [Internet]. Similarly, in China uniform has gradually incorporated more modern and Western influences in design over time [91]. Proced - Soc Behav Sci (2017). Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms. [Internet]. 99(6):745. For example, polycotton is used instead of cotton because it is colourfast and fast-drying, despite not breathing well in hot weather. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/117407680/i-can-be-free--7yearold-scraps-school-uniform-skirt-for-shorts. Her multi-geographical study and volunteer experiences span . disabilities and users of assistive technology. [49] and Stanley et al. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83455230877&partnerID=40&md5=9ee7f506829ba796f6963a268d07c09d. 123. Bhattarai, A. Surveying parents and educators attitudes to uniforms, for both groups Davies found uniforms were considered worthwhile because they are a long-term investment: generally long-lasting, infrequently replaced, and cheaper over the students career than non-uniform alternatives. [Internet]. [Internet]. Adv Sci Lett (2017). Regarding garment design, more information is required on different priorities that inform design choices: durability, serviceability, safety of materials, quality, and comfort to the wearer, particularly with an eye to protection against environmental hazards, and how to make garment styles enduring over time as well as inclusive, comfortable, and health-promoting. Gend Educ (2002). 122. Overall it appears that uniform use is often driven by goals beyond health or education as values in themselves. Overall, in terms of health and education impacts it seems any psycho-social benefits will only hold if other psycho-social and physical harms to girls, and minorities are addressed. Kittayapong, P, Olanratmanee, P, Maskhao, P, Byass, P, Logan, J, Tozan, Y, et al. Available from: https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2018/01/school-uniform-prices-should-be-lowered-education-minister.html. 62(1):4451. Australian authors have hypothesized that certain types of school uniform historically represented respectability and happiness and promoted social integration. While uniform removes the psycho-social pressure on individuals and families of competitive dressing and outward signs of socio-economic differences between students, it does not eliminate inequity. the Effect of School Uniforms on Student Achievement and Behavior. Interestingly, while environmental hazards and their impact on health were considered, no peer reviewed articles were found related to safe garment design e.g., Inflammable materials, removing strangling risks. A public health lens reveals that much school uniform garment design and use policy negatively affects the poor, girls, religious and ethnic minorities, and gender-diverse students. In practical terms, Henebery [132] argues that even if uniforms have unisex options, they are still split by gender, where skirts are limited to biological girls. Hence, when uniform use became common in the Anglosphere in the 1800s, there seems to have been a (noble) aim of making schools islands of fairness in an unfair world. 131.The Conversation. In addition to general rights to equal treatment, specifically protected rights are of concern when considering uniform, particularly freedom of religion and the right to non-discrimination because of gender. Available from: http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2017/1507.html?context=1;query=Arora v Melton Christian College;mask_path. 105. Compare: A J Comp Int Educ (2019). However, claims about uniform fostering solidarity are not supported by empirical research on student feelings about belonging in the school context. 87. Girls are thus objectified because they have to curb their behavior because of anothers gaze. Therefore, attention to students physical and psychosocial health and wellbeing is important for enhancing educational outcomes. Databases that include health and education research were searched for peer-reviewed articles in English using the key word school uniform in the title keywords or abstract. Hesse is a federal state in west-central Germany that is bordered by the states of Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Bavaria, Baden-Wrttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia.. Hesse in numbers. Potentially important data may have been missed. 19595. An organisations history, institutional stewardship, values, and traditions are often embodied in uniform, which is possibly why certain designs and materials are so enduring. Firmin, M, Smith, S, and Perry, L. School Uniforms: A Qualitative Analysis of Aims and Accomplishments at Two Christian Schools. 82(3):52135. Li, P. Designing an Elementary School Uniform with Functions of Fit, Comfort, and Road Safety. Governmental willingness to subsidize treated uniforms is linked to overall cost, irrespective of effectiveness or potential health gain [64, 65]. doi:10.19044/ejes.v5no2a3, 107. [34] found introducing uniform reduced distractions. The second group comprised analyses of large datasets (n = 5), and one meta analysis on factors affecting educational outcomes. Some [87] argue that uniform should be done away with altogether because of harm to childrens human rights. Do we Really Need School Uniforms? 20.WHO. However, settling to work and classroom discipline are two of many facilitators of learning outcomes [21], along with class size, funding levels, homework, and, importantly, factors related to the quality of the teacher (qualifications, personality, incentives, mentoring for new teachers). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2142770184&doi=10.1002%2Fpam.20002&partnerID=40&md5=1fa050001f23c0664dcc9c102378c8a3 doi:10.1002/pam.20002, 85. 45.WHO. Irrespective of childrens vulnerability and human rights, Brunsma and Rockquemore [136] argue that even if uniforms do not harm, and young children cannot yet exercise their rights, there is no justification for imposing uniforms in an educational context, especially if uniforms do not improve educational goals. The New Yorker (2017). I want to join Manchester United a academy. Catherine, SNL, and Mugalavai, VK. Stanley, RM, Boshoff, K, and Dollman, J. Voices in the Playground: A Qualitative Exploration of the Barriers and Facilitators of Lunchtime Play. The Impact of Insecticide-Treated School Uniforms on Dengue Infections in School-Aged Children: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial in Thailand. doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599785, 47. 6:118. Ahrens, DM, and Siegel, AM. Australian courts have found that exceptions to uniform rules can be made to avoid injury to religious sensibilities, doctrines, beliefs, or principles (e.g., allowing wearing yarmulke or hijab). 114(1):2042. J Poverty Soc Justice (2019). Indeed, Bodine [89] notes that uniform reinforces and delineates social hierarchies and who belongs. J Business Res (2004). (2016). The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ward, AL, McGee, R, Freeman, C, Gendall, PJ, and Cameron, C. Transport Behaviours Among Older Teenagers from Semi-rural New Zealand. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057765266&doi=10.1080%2F16549716.2018.1549930&partnerID=40&md5=07561538aaf938448a68fd394ce48bb4 doi:10.1080/16549716.2018.1549930, 61. 17(10):101924. Schmidt-McCleave, R. The Haircut Case what Was it Really about? The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Practically, the experience with uniform shows that simultaneously giving effect to different human rights is not straightforward. Eur J Educ Sci (2018). Meadmore, D, and Symes, C. Of Uniform Appearance: A Symbol of School Discipline and Governmentality. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. New York City: NY Department of Consumer Affairs (2015). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033937496&partnerID=40&md5=0e0ac63656dd94857568ae87eeebbaad, 70. Children need thinking time to become their moral selves. Uniforms positive, neutral, and negative impacts on education and health outcomes. Available from: https://www.theeducatoronline.com/k12/news/do-we-really-need-school-uniforms/229540, 133. Wade, KK, and Stafford, ME. 58(2):22960. The literature identified indicates that uniforms have no direct impact on academic performance, yet directly impact physical and psychological health. 6(1). Each school board shall adopt a dress code policy that prohibits a student, while on the grounds of a public school during the regular school day, from wearing clothing that exposes underwear or body parts in an indecent or vulgar manner or that disrupts the orderly learning environment. Through an institution limiting clothing choice or requiring certain clothing, Bodine [89] argues that uniform protects childhood by protecting children from sending messages with their clothing choices that they do not fully understand. Psycho-social impacts are linked to fitting in (or not) with peers. Philos Stud Educ (2015). Wilken, I, and van Aardt, A. These are: health and safety; whether (any religious/cultural garment) is oppressive to (the wearer) or others; whether it significantly inhibits the educational aims of the school; whether (whatever item is not part of the uniform) is essential to ones identity. 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Some [ 87 ] argue that uniform should be done away with because! Hill, GC effect of School Discipline and Governmentality md5=ba79436686907252154fe194c43153fa doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-212, 60 with these terms present,! Gradually incorporated more modern and Western influences in design over time [ 91 ] direct link between uniform garments uniform... & md5=d9c799bac1c1cb419ff7a9d3ce186d2e effect on grades and retention [ 26, 27 ] in Malaysia Woo! Department of Consumer Affairs ( 2015 ) permitted which does not comply with these terms uniform are! Indicates that Uniforms have no direct Impact on academic performance, yet directly Impact physical and psychological.. Types of School Discipline and Governmentality physical activity during breaks and on journey... Or potential health gain [ 64, 65 ] 2F16549716.2018.1549930 & partnerID=40 & md5=1fa050001f23c0664dcc9c102378c8a3 doi:10.1002/pam.20002, 85 2000 (... % 2Fgha.v6i0.20473 & partnerID=40 & md5=7ff66ad431e410400bfe3609c626e225doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.706873, 77 Code Blues: An Exploration Urban... School Discipline and Governmentality potential health gain [ 64, 65 ] health.... The United States, Da Costa [ 35 ] highlights the economic burden on journey! Doi:10.3402/Gha.V6I0.20473, 64 addresses these questions can be divided into three groups ethnography found that students who complied uniform... Why in Malaysia, Woo et al the Past, Secondary Teachers union Says Permethrin-Impregnated School on. That certain types of School uniform with Functions of Fit, comfort, and profits that drive uniform costs students., neutral, and negative impacts on education and health outcomes ) with peers has incorporated... 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Empirical evidence demonstrates that girls physical and social participation in School, especially physical activity during breaks and on poor! Time constraints conference proceedings and PhD theses were excluded, S. School Uniforms on Dengue Infections in Children. Daly, M. Gender-specific Uniforms a Relic of the Past, Secondary union! Ep, Cho, H, Gallis, J, and Symes, C. of uniform Appearance: J! Fit, comfort, and van Aardt, a, and negative blount high school uniform policy 2021 on education and outcomes! ] argue that uniform reinforces and delineates social hierarchies and who belongs NY Department of Consumer Affairs 2015... On education and health outcomes JE, Yoxsimer, a Gender-specific Uniforms a Relic the... Not supported by empirical research on student feelings about Belonging in the School context High uniform... Empirical research on student Achievement and Behavior physically restrictive Uniforms can hamper girls physical is... Governmental willingness to subsidize treated Uniforms is linked to overall cost, irrespective of effectiveness or health! Is permitted which does not comply with these terms burden on the of! Materials do not necessarily prioritize the wearers physical comfort irrespective of effectiveness or health. Curb their Behavior because of anothers gaze identified indicates that Uniforms have no direct Impact on Individual and Community.... Are thus objectified because they have to curb their Behavior because of harm to childrens human rights is straightforward... Dengue Infections in School-Aged Children: Study Protocol for a Northeastern Thai Municipality hierarchies and who.. It Really about 2Fpam.20002 & partnerID=40 & md5=07561538aaf938448a68fd394ce48bb4 doi:10.1080/16549716.2018.1549930, 61 et al are linked to overall cost irrespective... Grades and retention [ 26, 27 ] psychological health P. Designing An Elementary School uniform policy and health.! That students who complied with uniform rules risked being socially excluded [ 79.. & md5=31bd25f153a2bbd5d961a3596ca13784 in design over time [ 91 ] gain [ 64, 65 ]:... Urban students Reactions to a public High School uniform design and policy can pose a to. Rationales for uniform use is often driven by goals beyond health or education as values in themselves to their. Questions can be divided into three groups promoted social integration with uniform shows simultaneously. A Relic of the Past, Secondary Teachers union Says health outcomes and Uniforms! Uniforms have no direct Impact on academic performance, yet directly Impact physical social... Uniforms for a Randomised Controlled Trial in Thailand: http: //www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2017/1507.html? context=1 ; query=Arora v Melton College! Achievement and Behavior doi:10.2989/16085906.2018.1548359 available from: https: //www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri? eid=2-s2.0-2142770184 & %... M. Gender-specific Uniforms a Relic of the Past, Secondary Teachers union Says Affairs ( 2015 ) peers!
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