[237] The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. [185] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. The nearby North Anatolian Fault is responsible for much earthquake activity, although it does not physically pass through the city itself,[90] and a quake of at least magnitude 7 is more likely than not before 2030 and very likely in the 21st century. [147] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[340][341]. 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. [76] Regular service to Bucharest and Thessaloniki continued until the early 2010s, when the former was interrupted for Marmaray construction but started running again in 2019 and the latter was halted due to economic problems in Greece. [339] Private bus companies still operation to this day. UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. [112], During the Ottoman period, skdar (then Scutari) and Kadky were outside the scope of the urban area, serving as tranquil outposts with seaside yals and gardens. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map to see their real size. [134] The present palace grew over the centuries as a series of additions enfolding four courtyards and blending neoclassical, rococo, and baroque architectural forms. [315] Road transport emits significant carbon dioxide, estimated at 7 million tons in 2021. [312] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. [296][299] GSM cellular networks arrived in Turkey in 1994, with Istanbul among the first cities to receive the service. [205] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[206] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. [326] The Metrobus, a form of bus rapid transit, crosses the Bosphorus Bridge, with dedicated lanes leading to its termini. 9.5K. [339] New stations to replace both the Haydarpaa and Sirkeci terminals, and connect the city's disjointed railway networks, now the Marmaray second phase opened to the public. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. [296][300] Postal services remain under the purview of what is now the Post and Telegraph Organization (retaining the acronym PTT). All Rights Reserved By browsing this website, you agree to our privacy policy.. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [130] The Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral in the world until it was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. [168], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. [187] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. [228], Beyolu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. Istanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[122][123]. [173] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. [205] Trade is economically important, accounting for 30 percent of the economic output in the city. You may also choose a male, female or child silhouette by clicking on a corresponding button on the top bar. All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Istanbul Atatrk Airport for scheduled passenger flights. [343] Once all phases are completed in 2025, the airport will have six sets of runways (eight in total), 16 taxiways, and will be able to accommodate 200million passengers a year. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. Beijing Daxing International Airport, scheduled to open in September, also cost $12 billion. [331] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. [256], Many of Istanbul's sports facilities have been built or upgraded since 2000 to bolster the city's bids for the Summer Olympic Games. [291] In later years, in response to increasing public demand, water from various springs was channeled to public fountains, like the Fountain of Ahmed III, by means of supply lines. Inalcik, Halil. Fish diversity in the waters of Istanbul has dwindled in the recent decades. The massive growth of Turkish Airlines is one of the major reasons for Istanbul New Airport. [68] Revitalizing Istanbul also required a massive program of restorations, of everything from roads to aqueducts. [288], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). Tags . Like the MMI, the Istanbul Special Provincial Administration has a governor, a democratically elected decision-making bodythe Provincial Parliamentand an appointed Executive Committee. [174][175][176] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. Despite the generally acceptable temperature range, however, mid-summer in Istanbul is considered moderately uncomfortable, due to high dew points and relative humidity. [e] After the reconquest of 1261, however, some of the city's monuments were restored, and some, like the two Deesis mosaics in Hagia Sophia and Kariye, were created. Winters are quite cloudy, with around 20 percent of days being sunny or partly cloudy. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. Compare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. [189] In large part due to emigration to Israel, the Jewish population in the city dropped from 100,000 in 1950[190] to 15,000 in 2021. 98 facts in comparison Istanbul vs Tehran Istanbul Tehran How does Istanbul compare to Tehran? [105] Xeriscaping of green spaces has been suggested,[106] and Istanbul has a climate-change action plan. Istanbul's precipitation is unevenly distributed, with winter months getting at least twice the level of precipitation of their summerly counterparts. It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. [15] Istanbul's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. [15], Despite the myth that seven hills make up the city, there are, in fact, more than 50 hills within the city limits. 2662 people/km vs 10194 people/km [303] Turkey has more hospitals accredited by the U.S.-based Joint Commission than any other country in the world, with most concentrated in its big cities. 11431180). [230] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. [180] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[181] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. [134], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Paris ([pa.i]) est la commune la plus peuple et la capitale de la France. Londinium was founded by the Romans. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four of the first seven ecumenical councils before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [10][11] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. [114] At present, some gecekondu areas are being gradually demolished and replaced by modern mass-housing compounds. [15], Istanbul expects 1 million tourists from cruise companies after the renovation of its cruise port, also known as Galataport in Karaky district. Both cities have their own distinctive appeal and attractiveness, despite the fact that they are very different in terms of geography . [227] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. Buses from Anatolia stop here en route to Esenler bus station, 20-25 min further. [305], Istanbul's motorways network are the O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7. The mode of precipitation also varies by season. [109], Dolmabahe Palace, the seat of government during the late Ottoman period, is in the Beikta district on the European shore of the Bosporus strait, to the north of Beyolu. [15][16], The first known name of the city is Byzantium (Greek: , Byzntion), the name given to it at its foundation by Megarian colonists around 657 BCE. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[124] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. [95][96], As with virtually every part of the world, climate change is causing more heatwaves,[99] droughts,[100] storms,[101] and flooding[102][103] in Istanbul. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. [129], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. This tool allows you to compare the true size of countries. Istanbul had three large international airports, two of which currently serve commercial passenger flights. [251] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. Height Difference Chart. Further information on the monthly publication: Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Until the early 20th century, along with other names. [177] Native Arab population in Turkey who are Turkish citizens are found to be making up less than 1% of city's total adult population. [88] The population of Istanbul began to rapidly increase in the 1970s, as people from Anatolia migrated to the city to find employment in the many new factories that were built on the outskirts of the sprawling metropolis. The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. [281] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. [291] At the behest of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Krkeme water supply network was constructed; by 1563, the network provided 4,200 cubic meters (150,000cuft) of water to 158 sites each day. Trk Telekom Arena opened in 2011 to replace Ali Sami Yen Stadium as Galatasaray's home turf,[259][260] while Vodafone Park, opened in 2016 to replace BJK nn Stadium as the home turf of Beikta, hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup game. [52][53] Constantinople is generally considered to be the center and the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization". New York City is composed of five boroughs, each of which is a county of the State of New York. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. [280] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. 1C higher average maximum temperature? According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the Bosporus Strait, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. Uncategorized. Control of this transmission, and other radio stations established in the following decades, ultimately came under the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), which held a monopoly on radio and television broadcasts between its founding in 1964 and 1990. [164][165], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. Alan Masters ] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign enter. Armenian genocide during WWI choose a male, female or child silhouette by clicking a. Revitalizing Istanbul also required a massive program of restorations, of everything from roads to aqueducts significant carbon dioxide estimated! 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