It was caused by the Slavic expansion, a small population which expanded into regions of "low population density beginning in the sixth century" and that it is "highly coincident with the modern distribution of Slavic languages". [15] In the northern islands of Cres (3%)[15] and Krk (6.8%) was similar to other southern islands (3.7-4.3%). [35][32][36] According to Pamjav et al. [117][118][119][120][121] Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (45%), U (17.8-20.8%), J (3-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belong to many other smaller haplogroups. [10][15] The haplogroup E and J are related to post-LGM, Neolithic migration of a population from Anatolia who brought with them domestication of wild animals and plants. The traditions of Central Europe and the Mediterranean are very much alive in the kitchens of Croatia. There are visible four main clusters within sampled Croats, first including Mainland-Bra and Krk-North Dalmatian islands, second Hvar-Korula, third Cres, and fourth Vis, the latter two having highest distances from the others. The regional influences are embraced instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect. . [66], The another known more radical thesis, Iranian-Persian, of the Iranian theory was by Stjepan Krizin Saka, who although gave insights on some issues, tried to follow the Croatian ethnonym as far the region Arachosia (Harahvaiti, Harauvati) and its people (Harahuvatiya) of the Achaemenid Empire (550330 BC). [6], In the same year were analyzed additional 19 Middle Neolithic of Sopot culture, 1 Copper Age and 1 Roman age sample from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja as well as 7 Bronze Age samples of Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery culture from Jagodnjak-Krevine in Eastern Croatia. According to Constantine VII's work De Administrando Imperio (10th century), a group of Croats separated from the White Croats who lived in White Croatia and arrived by their own will, or were called by the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius (610-641), to Dalmatia where they fought and defeated the Avars, and eventually organized their own principality. [42], The highest frequency of the haplogroup Haplogroup R1b (7.9%-9.1%), which in Croatia is divided into several subclades (mainly R-L23 and its subclade R-U152), has in northern (10.9%) and central (11.8%) region of Croatia,[14] while locally in the Croats from the island of Krk (16.2%) and Dugi Otok (25%),[10][15] and umberak (11.3%),[15] while in the southern islands, city of Dubrovnik (3.9%) and in Bosnian Croats it is almost absent (1-6%),[10][13][15][16] or like in Osijek it was not found. [2], In 2019 were autosomally analyzed three 5th century individuals with artificial cranial deformation from Osijek, probably of Hunnic or Germanic origin. Those in this situation should have a right to apply for citizenship. [41] R-M558 subclade CTS1211 was also found among Hungarian conquerors which indicates mixing and assimilation of the Slavs among the Hungarians. [124][125], The region of modern-day Croatia may have served as a refugium for the northern populations during the last glacial maximum (LGM). According to Principal component analysis and Admixture methods, one of them had East/Northeast Asian, another European/Caucasian and third Near Middle Eastern/North African ancestry. [59] Haplogroup X ranges 0.63-3.17%, mainly belonging to subclade X2 > X2b,[58] and recent research of Cres and Rab possibly found a "new, island-specific" X3 lineage which "formed within the Croatian population". [126] The eastern Adriatic coast was much further south. [58] As such, Trubachyov tried to explain the original proto-type of the ethnonym from adjectives *xar-va(n)t (feminine, rich in women), which derives from the etymology of Sarmatians, the Indo-Aryan *sar-ma(n)t (feminine), in both Indo-Iran adjective suffix -ma(n)t/wa(n)t, and Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian word *sar- (woman), which in Iranian gives *har. The Ministry is giving a hard time to descendants of Croatians who left Croatia for another country within Europe more specifically, Eastern Europe. Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. The frequency is lower in okci from eastern Croatia (16%),[17][18] in the city of Dubrovnik (13.4%) and Split (19%) in Dalmatia, as well on the southern islands of Hvar (8-10.58%) and Vis (17%). [52] Ten years later, Al. [33], The Gothic theory, which dates back to the late 12th and 13th century work by Priest of Duklja and Thomas the Archdeacon,[31][40] without excluding that some Gothic segments could survive the collapse of Gothic Kingdom and were included in Croatian ethnogenesis, is based on almost none concrete evidence to identify Croats with the Goths. While in 1991 some 8,800 Croats were living in Kosovo, by 1998 the number had [21][15] The population with haplogroup I migrated to Europe from the Middle East, approximately 25,000-13,000 years ago. [19], The Slavic theory, also known as Pan-Slavic theory, about the idea that the Slavs came to Illyricum from Poland is of old origin at least since the 12th century. Croatians now follow a unique, and slightly complex structuring, lettering, naming custom and composition, which is similar to most of the European naming systems. In the 2014 study, of the three successfully generated SNP profiles of Neolithic Starevo culture samples from Vinkovci, two belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup G2a-P15 and one to I2a1-P37.2, which could indicate G2a as potential representatives of the spread of farming from the Near East to Europe, while I2a as Mesolithic substratum in Europe. Hope that makes sense. WebStavemakers gather Croatians in Alabama Croatian immigrant John Erzen with accordion / Alice and John Pezent in their latter years Over 80 descendants of the Erzens, Turks, Pezents and Pongeraytors pose for a reunion photo on the porch of the Clarke County Museum in Grove Hill Saturday. [10][15] The highest frequency is found in Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (63.8-73.3%). [95][96][97], Historians and archaeologists until now concluded that Avars never lived in Dalmatia proper (including Lika) yet somewhere in Pannonia,[98][99] there is lack of authentic early Avar archaeological findings within Croatia which doesn't support thesis about elite warriors, the Croatian ethnonym is recorded on the territory of Avar Khaganate several centuries after its end,[100] and that Turkic ethnic component in Croatian ethnogenesis was negligible,[101] while the late migration theory since 1970s is criticized and rejected by mainstream scholarship because is misinterpreting archaeological data which shows 7th century Slavic-Croatian migration and settlement, there wasn't any detectable new foreign group in the 9th century neither its and Croats are mentioned in detailed Frankish sources, Frankish military equipment doesn't indicate arrival of a new ethnic group neither was found on the territory of Obotrites in Vojvodina. [47] During World War II, the Gothic theory, as well as Pan-Slavic during Yugoslavia, was the only supported theory by the regime of NDH. [44][43], Scholars like Ludwig Gumplowicz and Kerubin egvi literally read the medieval works and considered Croats as Goths who were eventually Slavicized, and that the ruling caste was formed from the foreign warrior element. [24] The ideas by Raki were furtherly developed by historian Ferdo ii in his seminal work History of the Croats in the Age of the Croat Rulers (1925). It is concluded to be caused by the Hunnic and Slavic expansion, which was a "relatively small population that expanded over a large geographic area", particularly "the expansion of the Slavic populations into regions of low population density beginning in the sixth century" and that it is "highly coincident with the modern distribution of Slavic languages". I. Sobolevski gave the first systematic theory about the Iranian origin which until today did not change in basic lines. [53], Haplogroup W frequency in the mainland and coastal population is between 2.2 and 4.2%, while between insular populations 1.9-3.1%, with exception in Krk (7.5%),[57] and Cres (12.6%). [11][13] The region had a specific role in the structuring of European, and particularly among Slavic, paternal genetic heritage, characterized by the predominance of R1a and I, and scarcity of E lineages. [32] According to extensive folklore and other studies by Radoslav Katii the Slavdom of the Croats is unquestionable, as well survival of some autochthonous elements, while the Iranian origin of their ethnonym is the least unlikely. [35][37] The earliest archeogenetic sample until now is Sungir 6 (~900 YBP) near Vladimir, Russia which belonged to the I-S17250 > I-Y5596 > I-Z16971 > I-Y5595 > I-A16681 subclade. He carried Scythian-Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 > R1a1a1b2a2b1-F1345 (R-F1019* subclade[7]). 
[122] Based on autosomal IBD survey the speakers of Serbo-Croatian language share a very high number of common ancestors dated to the migration period approximately 1,500 years ago with Poland and Romania-Bulgaria clusters among others in Eastern Europe. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Croats originate from northwestern Iran and spoke a language related to Iranian. [13] E-V13 it's typical of the populations of south-eastern Europe, peaking among Kosovo Albanians (44%), and is also high among the Macedonians, Greeks, Romanians, Bulgarians and Serbs. [10][15][16] In Bosnian Croats, the frequency is similar to those of other South Slavs (12%). [50][51] On the larger inscription is written the father of the devotional assembly Horouathon and the son of Horoathu, while on the smaller inscription Horoathos, the son of Sandarz, the archons of the Tanaisians,[49] which resembles the usual variation of Croatian ethnonym Hrvat - Horvat. Webnew york times higher education reporter . [38] The assumptions that the Illyrians were an ethnolinguistic homogeneous entity were rejected in the 20th century, and according to the scholars who support the Danube basin hypothesis of the Slavic homeland, it is considered that some proto-Slavic tribes existed even before the Slavic migration in the Southeastern Europe. Iranians are Indo-European, but not slavic. [58] That the early Croats marked the cardinal directions with colors, hence White Croats and White Croatia (Western) and Red Croatia (Southern),[58] but the cardinal color designation, in general, indicates remnants of the widespread steppe peoples tradition. [127] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archaeological sites) were hills and mountains. Croats in Kosovo are descendants from traders and miners from Dubrovnik and Bosnia and Herzegovina who moved there in the 14th century. By the time the Croats appear in historical documents, they are a Slavic nation. Unusually for European populations, another central Asian-Siberian haplogroup P (i.e. Croatians are very proud of their food, and so they should be. [40] In the 2015 analysis, they formed a western South Slavic cluster with the Bosnians and Slovenians in comparison to eastern cluster formed by Macedonians and Bulgarians with Serbians in the middle. [58][51] First who considered such a thesis and Iranian origin was Konstantin Josef Jireek in 1911. ", "Na marginama novijih studija o etimologiji imena Hrvat", "O etnogenezi Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku", "Ideja o iranskom podrijetlu traje preko dvjesto godina", "Two Public Inscriptions from the Greek Colony of Tanais at the Mouth of the Don River on the Sea of Azov", "Razvoj i osnovne znaajke starohrvatskih grobalja horizonta 7.-9. stoljea na povijesnim prostorima Hrvata", " : ", " ? 614-802. [15], The Croatian ethnonym Hrvat, as well of those five brothers and sisters and the early ruler Porga, are often not considered to be of Slavic origin, yet again, are quite original to be a pure fabrication of Constantine VII. The definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity,[1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [15] There's no doubt that Croatian language belongs to the Slavic languages, but they considered that Slavs were autochthonous in Illyricum and their ancestors were old Illyrians. [64] The heterogeneous composition of the Croatian legend in which are unusually mentioned two women leaders Touga and Bouga, which indicates to what the actual archaeological findings confirmed - the existence of "warrior women" known as Amazons among the Sarmatians and Scythians. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Croats originate from northwestern Iran and spoke a language related to Iranian. The traditions of Central Europe and the Mediterranean are very much alive in the kitchens of Croatia. Among them were present "paternal lineages typical of Balkan Neolithic populations (eleven G2a2, two I2a1a(xI2a1a2), one I2a2, C and C1a2-V20)". [89] The assertion about the boundary is only partly true because although the Croats were mentioned on the line of Khaganate they were mostly outside and not inside the boundaries. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [30] There were Yugoslavian scholars like Ferdo ii and Nada Klai who allowed limited non-Slavic origin of certain elements in Croatian ethnogenesis, but they were usually connected with the Pannonian Avars and Bulgars. WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. WebThe Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocrac oke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580s. Instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect even the names! Et al CTS1211 was also found among Hungarian conquerors which indicates mixing and assimilation of the among... Has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world instead of being resisted, with little of. 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